Abdominal typhus (enteric fever; typhoid fever)

General: Causative agent, Salmonella typhi.

Ocular: Conjunctivitis; chemosis; corneal ulcer; tenonitis; paralysis of extraocular muscles; endophthalmitis; panophthalmitis; optic neuritis; retinal detachment; central scotoma; central retinal artery emboli; iritis with or without hypopyon; choroiditis; retinal hemorrhages; bilateral optic neuritis; abnormal ocular motility (likely secondary to thrombotic infarcts affecting the ocular motor nerve nuclei, fascicles, brainstem, or cerebral hemispheres).

Clinical: Fever; headache; bradycardia; splenomegaly; maculopapular rash; leukopenia; encephalitis. Salmonella may produce an illness characterized by fever and bacteremia without any other manifestations of enterocolitis or enteric fever, which is particularly common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

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Jacobs JL, et al. Salmonella infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1985; 102:186-l88.

Mathur JS, et al. Post typhoid retinal detachment. J All India Ophthalmol Soc 1970; 18:135-l37.

Miller NR, ed. Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, vol. 5, part 1, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995:3100.