Floppy eyelid syndrome 4

General: Origin unknown; more common 757i84h in males; overweight; X-chromosome-linked inheritance pattern or possible hormonal influence; has been postulated that the degenerative changes in the tarsus may result from the combination of local pressure-induced lid ischemia and systemic hypoventilation.

Ocular: Easily everted, floppy upper eyelid and papillary conjunctivitis of the upper palpebral conjunctiva; upper eyelid everts during sleep, resulting in irritation, papillary conjunctivitis, and conjunctival keratinization; most distinct feature is rubbery, malleable upper tarsus; keratoconus; punctate keratopathy; blepharoptosis; lash ptosis.

Clinical: Obesity; sleep apnea.

Culbertson WW, Ostler HB. The floppy eyelid syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1981; 92:568-575.

Culbertson WW, Tsenc SC. Corneal disorders in floppy eyelid syndrome. Cornea 1994; 13:33-42.

Donnenfeld ED, et al. Keratoconus associated with floppy eyelid syndrome. Ophthalmology 1991; 98:1674-l678.

Goldberg R, et al. Floppy eyelid syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1986; 102:376-381.

Katz J, Kaufman HE. Corneal exposure during sleep (nocturnal lagophthalmos). Arch Ophthalmol 1977; 95:449.

Moore MB, et al. Floppy eyelid syndrome. Ophthalmology 1986; 93:184-l88.

Netland PA, et al. Histopathologic features of the floppy eyelid syndrome. Involvement of tarsal elastin. Ophthalmology 1994; 101:174-l81.