Lyme disease

General: Caused by tick bite; symptoms resolve after treatment.

Ocular: Keratitis may occur up to 5 years after the first episode; diplopia; photophobia; ischemic optic neuropathy; iritis; panophthalmitis; conjunctivitis; exudative retinal detachment; choroiditis; vitreitis; multiple cranial nerve palsies; association with acute, posterior, multifocal, placoid, pigment epitheliopathy; branch retinal artery occlusion.

Clinical: Arthritis; increased intracranial pressure; effusion of knees; swelling of wrists.

Bialasiewicz AA. Bilateral diffuse choroiditis and exudative retinal detachments with evidence of Lyme disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1988; 105:419-422.

Carvounis, PE, Mehta AP, Geist CE: Orbital myositis associated with borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease) infection. Ophthalmology 2004; 111: 1023-l028.

Fraunfelder FT, Roy FH. Current Ocular Therapy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000,

Lesser RL. Ocular manifestations of Lyme disease. Am J Med 1995; 98(4A):60S-62S.

MacDonald AB. Lyme disease: a neuro-ophthalmologic view. J Clin Neuro-Ophthalmol 1987; 7: 185.

Niutta A, et al. Monolateral chorioretinitis with multiple foci in one case of Lyme disease. Ann Ophthalmol 1993; 25: 257-261.

Schechter SL. Lyme disease associated with optic neuropathy. Am J Med 1986; 81:143.

Wolf MD, et al. Acute, posterior, multifocal, placoid, pigment epitheliopathy and Lyme disease. Arch Ophthalmol 1992; 110:750,