Lymphoid hyperplasia (reactive lymphoid hyperplasia; lymphoid tumors; malignant lymphoma; pseudolymphoma; pseudotumor; burkitt lymphoma; neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis)

General: Occurs in tropical Africa; young children; idiopathic orbital inflammation; systemic disease is rarely associated but occasionally occurs with either vasculitis or lymphomas; etiology of Burkitt lymphoma currently includes three factors: (i) Epstein-Barr virus, (ii) malaria, and (in) chromosomal translocations activating the c-myc oncogene, which induces uncontrolled B-cell proliferation.

Ocular: Proptosis; extraocular motility disturbances; lesions of orbit, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and uvea; cortical blindness; retinal artery occlusion; retinal vascular and pigment epithelial alterations; vitreitis.

Clinical: Maxillary tumor; Epstein-Barr virus; cranial neuropathy.

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Cheung MK, et al. Diagnosis of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia by chorioretinal biopsy. Am J Ophthalmol 1994; 118: 457-462.

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Jakobiec FA, et al. Clinicopathologic characteristics of orbital lymphoid hyperplasia. Ophthalmology 1979; 86: 948-966.