Nicolau syndrome (nicolau-hoigne syndrome) 8

General: First described as a nonallergic reaction following injection of bismuth; assumed to be caused by emboli of medication inadvertently introduced into an artery.

Ocular: Visual loss, depending on degree of involvement of retinal arteries.

Clinical: Tachycardia; acoustic sensations; somnolence; motoric irritation; sudden pain in extremities and abdomen; pallor, cyanosis, and edema of extremities; shock; paresis-paralysis; arterial hypotension.

Geeraets WJ Ocular Syndromes, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1976.

Hoigne R. Akute Nebenreaktionen auf Pencillinpraparate. Acta Med Scand 1962; 171:201.

Nicolau S. Dermite Livedoide et Gangreneuse de la Fesse, Consecutive aux Injections Intramusculaires, dans la Syphilis. A Propos d'un Cas d'Embolie Arterielle Bismuthique. Ann Mal Vener (Paris) 1925; 20:321.