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Raynaud Disease (Symmetrical Gangrene; Symmetrical Asphyxia)
General: Primary, or idiopathic, form of paroxysmal digital cyanos 121g66b is; possible abnormality of sympathetic nervous system; occurs in females between ages 15 and 40 years.
Ocular: Spasm of retinal arteries; papillitis; retrobulbar neuritis; amaurosis fugax; cotton-wool spots; retinal hemorrhages; transient corneal opacification.
Clinical: Intermittent attacks of pallor or cyanosis in fingers, precipitated by cold or occasionally by emotional upsets; atrophy of terminal fat pads and digital skin; gangrenous ulcers.
Chatton MJ, Krupp MA. Current medical diagnosis and treatment. Los Altos, CA: Lange Medical Publishers, 1981:269-271.
Harley RD, ed. Pediatric Ophthalmology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1998.
McWhae JA, Andrews DM. Transient corneal opacification induced by cold in Raynaud's disease. Ophthalmology 1991; 98:666-669.
Salmenson BD, et al. Macular capillary hemodynamic changes associated with Raynaud's phenomenon. Ophthalmology 1992; 99:914-919.
Storimans CW, et al. A new autosomal dominant vascular retinopathy syndrome. Eur J Ophthalmol 1991; 1:73.
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