Schizophrenia 1

General: Organic brain syndrome due to de 131b15b generation or toxic, infectious, or metabolic conditions; acute or insidious onset; disturbances of thinking, mood, and behavior; etiology unknown.

Ocular: Miosis; ocular hallucinations; associated with retinitis pigmentosa in one pedigree; abnormal smooth-pursuit eye movement; visual perceptual dysfunction: low amplitude of accommodation, esophoria or exophoria, and vergence duction suppression.

Clinical: Paranoia; depression; fear; anxiety; catatonia; delusions; hallucinations; misinterpretation of reality; lack of will or enthusiasm; hypochondriasis; preoccupation with own thoughts; meaningless repetitive speech; meaningless repetitive motions; sensorineural deafness; mental retardation associated in one pedigree.

Kasper DL, et al., eds. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005.

Flach F, et al. Visual perceptual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenic and affective disorders versus control subjects. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1992; 4:422-427.

Miller NR. Walsh and Hoyts Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1987.

Schlenker R, et al. Smooth-pursuit eye movement dysfunction in schizophrenia: the role of attention and general psychomotor dysfunctions. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994; 244:153-l60.

Sharp CW, et al. Schizophrenia and mental retardation associated in a pedigree with retinitis pigmentosa and sensorineural deafness. Am J Med Genet 1994; 54:354-360.